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advantage can be seen in a probable uprising to a higher level
of competition among the universities. A university dependent on
the fees of its students will try harder to keep the students
satisfied about the quality of the education than a totally
tax-financed university does, because it will get the money
regardless of how many students there are and how good the
education is.
Therefore
the question arises to what extent the universities should be
free to fix the amount of their tuition fees themselves, because
this would really promote competition among the universities:
The better the education is the more money the university can
charge, the more money it costs the higher the teaching staff
can be paid. High salaries for the teachers will attract the
best academics to become university teachers – instead of
working in private economy or even going abroad. A too extended
freedom to set the amount of study fees however could lead to
social injustice, for not the best but only the richest students
will be able to afford the best education.
By
this I already mentioned the most questionable issue in
connection with tuition fees: The question of social justice.
Critics fear that tuition fees would allow the children of
wealthier households to study at the universities while the less
wealthy people would rather choose not to study in order to
avoid getting into debts. By that the gap between poor and rich
people in the society would even grow – since the average life
income of an academic is and will still be much higher than the
non-academic’s average life income. And for sure less educated
people will tend rather not to choose for such a high financial
risk in order to open better chances for their children, because
an investment in an academic education is an investment in
something they don’t know. Better-educated people however will
rather send their children to the universities, for they
experienced themselves that an academic education on the long
run will pay off financially and outweigh the short-term
disadvantages.
When
talking about social justice we also shouldn’t forget that
even in a system of free academic education the wealthier social
layers have a much higher benefit from the taxpayers’ expenses
for education than the lower social layers which don’t send
their children to universities that often. In Germany for
example it is generally connected to costs to send a child to a
kindergarten, while an academic education is basically free. A
popular argument in favour of tuition fees in Germany therefore
is the claim that it would be unjust that a low-paid cleaning
lady pays for the manager’s child’s education at university,
while she herself even has to pay for the most basic type of
education for her own child.
One
answer to the question of social justice could be seen in the
Swedish Model, where education is generally for free from the
kindergarten until the academic degree, and where a
comparatively very high percentage of people at least reach the
school graduation that allows them to go to a university. This
model probably gets closest to the ideal of equal chances for
education to everybody, and – assumed that the educational
level at the universities is high – gets most people into a
good professional education. But there is one disadvantage about
that model which is probably decisive for most Central European
states considering the state budgets’ situation these days: It
is very expensive and would have the consequence of a necessary
rise of the tax level.
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